Sustainable Water Resources and Water Disaster aim to ensure the sustainable management of water resources while addressing water-related disasters. It explores strategies for efficient water allocation, conservation, and protection of water sources. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of flood and drought management, water security, resilience, and disaster risk reduction. Discussions in this area revolve around integrated water resources management, sustainable water infrastructure development, climate change adaptation, and the preservation of ecosystems and biodiversity.

Water and sewage centers around the efficient management and treatment of water in urban and industrial contexts. It involves ensuring reliable water supply, improving sanitation and wastewater treatment, promoting water efficiency, and fostering sustainable water use. Meeting these challenges requires the adoption of advanced technologies for water treatment and reuse, the development of sustainable urban water systems that minimize water waste and maximize resource efficiency, the implementation of circular economy principles to reduce the environmental impact of industrial processes, and the establishment of effective water governance frameworks.

Water quality management focuses on maintaining and improving the quality of water resources, with a special emphasis on preserving the health and integrity of aquatic ecosystems. It encompasses the monitoring and assessment of water quality parameters, the prevention and control of water pollution, the development of effective treatment technologies, and the conservation of aquatic biodiversity. The challenges within this focus area include ensuring compliance with water quality standards, reducing pollution from various sources, mitigating the impact of contaminants on aquatic organisms and ecosystems, and promoting sustainable water use practices. To address these challenges, robust monitoring systems need to be established to ensure water quality standards are met, pollution prevention measures should be implemented, innovative treatment technologies should be deployed, and comprehensive regulatory frameworks must be put in place to protect ecosystems and safeguard public health.

Agricultural water and groundwater focus on the challenges related to water use in agriculture and the sustainable management of groundwater resources. It involves promoting efficient irrigation practices, adopting water-saving technologies, implementing integrated water resource management approaches in agricultural systems, and ensuring the sustainable use of groundwater. Addressing these challenges necessitates the adoption of water-efficient irrigation technologies, the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices, the protection of groundwater quality and quantity through appropriate monitoring and management, and the formulation and implementation of water-efficient agricultural policies.

Water recycling can contribute to enhancing the sustainability of the global water and environment, which suffers from climate change, excessive carbon emission and energy consumption, water deficit, and floods. It is a series of processes of reusing treated wastewater for industrial processes, agricultural and landscape irrigation, toilet flushing, and ground water recharge. The challenges associated with water recycling and reuse can be wastewater technologies, legal and regulatory preparation, and social agreement. Efficient and appropriate technologies are required for diverse purposes of water use. It is also inevitable to set up relevant laws and regulations and forms a social consensus concerning the recycling and reuse process in the implementation.

Water governance is important in developing and managing water resources, and contributes to tangible public policies and implementation through a shared responsibility across all stakeholders, based on effectiveness, efficiency, participation and trust. The stakeholders include policy-makers, government agencies, water industry, civil society and NGOs, who play an important role in enhancing the water resources management towards equity, economic efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Integrated water resources management is one of the conceptual methodologies that reflect the effective governance. Partnership, one of the important factors for good governance, is one of the most effective ways to manage or develop the water resources, which have a characteristic of spatial and temporal availability and movement. Partnership can have various types of the organization scheme such as public-public or public-private partnerships, etc. depending on the characteristics of project objectives. Since the collaboration of partners also creates a synergy in achieving the goals of water management, the partnership among related stakeholders needs to be issue for efficient water management.